Effects of carbonization processing on quality control, chemical compositions, and pharmacological mechanism of Ganjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma) / 数字中医药（英文）

@#Ganjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma, ZR) and Jiangtan (Carbonized Zingiberis Rhizoma, CZR) have long been used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) with a rich history in the treatment of various ailments. While ZR and CZR obviously stem from the same botanical source, their attributes, chemical compositions, pharmacological behaviors, and clinical applications are different owing to variations in the extent of drying and processing they undergo. In this paper, data pertaining to ZR and CZR were retrieved from databases including China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. These sources were scrutinized to elucidate the distinctions between ZR and CZR arising from carbonization processing in terms of their ethnopharmacology, quality control, chemical compositions, biological activities, pharmacological mechanisms, and clinical uses. In this study, a total of 56 chemical constituents were identified and isolated from ZR and CZR, which primarily encompassed volatile oils, gingerols, and diphenylheptane compounds. CZR's pharmacological effects include hemostatic, anti-oxidant, analgesic, antibacterial, anti-cancer, and other biological activities. ZR has pungent and warm properties. It is a Yang-supplementing herbal medicine for ailments exacerbated by cold or damp climatic influences. CZR is a product of ZR after undergoing high temperature, with diminished intensity of its pungent and warm attributes. This change leads to a more gradual treatment efficacy, renowned hemostatic effects and its ability to gently invigorate the spleen and effectively alleviate diarrhea. Currently, research on the pharmacological mechanism of CZR is mainly focused on the effects of CZR on coagulation and fibrinolysis. Although the healing effect of CZR has long been known, and some correlation has been found between the changing composition and the changing color of the decoctions, people still lack relatively clear processing mechanisms to reflect the characteristics and specific quality standards of the ingredients of CZR's hemostatic effect. This review provides a systematic summary on quality control, chemical composition, ethnopharmacology, and pharmacology of CZR, offering novel perspectives for advancing the exploration of additional carbonized herbal medicine and fostering their application in clinical settings

Analysis of health literacy and associated factors among middle school students in Shenzhen in 2019 / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To understand health literacy and its associated factors among middle school students in Shenzhen, to provide scientific basis for further formulating targeted intervention measures.@*Methods@#From October to December, 2019, 7 423 middle school students in 10 districts of Shenzhen were selected by multistage stratified random cluster sampling. Multivariate linear regression was used to analyze factors affecting health literacy and scores in each dimensions.@*Results@#The total score for health literacy was(107.39±22.31), including physical activity(16.81±5.28), interpersonal relationship(20.69±4.10), stress management(21.64±5.53), spiritual growth(14.93±3.96), health awareness (15.61±4.96) and nutrition(17.71±4.65). According to the multivariate linear regression analysis, girls, general and vocational high schools, educational level of parents and boarding in school were significantly associated with health literacy of middle school students( B=-3.04, -7.72, -9.99, 1.56, 2.78, -3.85, P < 0.05 ).@*Conclusion@#Middle school students in Shenzhen have a high level of health literacy, which is related to school type and parental educational background. It is suggested that measures should be taken to improve the health literacy of middle school students.

Effects of deleting peptidoglycan hydrolase genes on the viable cell counts of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and the yield of alkaline protease / 生物工程学报

In order to explore the effect of peptidoglycan hydrolase on the viable cell counts of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and the yield of alkaline protease, five peptidoglycan hydrolase genes (lytC, lytD, lytE, lytF and lytG) of B. amyloliquefaciens TCCC111018 were knocked out individually. The viable cell counts of the bacteria and their alkaline protease activities before and after gene deletion were determined. The viable cell counts of the knockout mutants BA ΔlytC and BA ΔlytE achieved 1.67×106 CFU/mL and 1.44×106 CFU/mL respectively after cultivation for 60 h, which were 32.5% and 14.3% higher than that of the control strain BA Δupp. Their alkaline protease activities reached 20 264 U/mL and 17 265 U/mL, respectively, which were 43.1% and 27.3% higher than that of the control strain. The results showed that deleting some of the peptidoglycan hydrolase genes effectively maintained the viable cell counts of bacteria and increased the activity of extracellular enzymes, which may provide a new idea for optimization of the microbial host for production of industrial enzymes.

The mechanism of sensing postural changes in human ears by numerical simulation / 医用生物力学

Objective To study the general mechanical behavior pattern of sensing angular velocity by 3 pairs of human semicircular canals.Methods Sinusoidal head rotation of a healthy subject was simulated by finite element method to analyze the dynamic responses in the above 3 pairs of canals in the left and right inner ear.Results Compared with the complicated node displacement distribution,the volumetric strain distribution of cupula was regular.Specifically,each pair of cupulae expanded or contracted within the same amplitude with the same response frequency to the angular velocity.The ratio of absolute volumetric strain among the horizontal semicircular canal cupula (HC cupula),the anterior semicircular canal cupula (AC cupula),and the posterior semicircular canal cupula (PC cupula),was approximately 1.00∶0.80 ∶ 1.72,which kept constant.In addition,the volumetric strain of HC cupula was in phase with that of AC cupula,but showing 14.4° out of phase with the angular velocity,and 180° out of phase with that of PC cupula.Conclusions The volumetric strain of cupula can preferably characterize the directional coding function of semicircular canal,and the amplitude,frequency and phase of the cupular volumetric strain can encode those of the stimulated angular velocity,respectively.These results will lay the foundation for establishing quantitative relationship of vestibulo-ocular reflex,and provide theoretical references for quantitative assessment for vestibular function by nystagmus examination.

Analysis on property of meridian supramolecules by biological evolution path / 中国针灸

With human placed in the whole nature, by following the biologic evolution path, the property of channel structure for "imprinting template" in meridian andwas explored with supramolecular chemistry. In the history of biologic evolution, each molecule in "molecule society" gradually developed into various highly-ordered supramolecular bodies based on self-identification, self-assembly, self-organization, self-replicating of"imprinting template", and thereby the original biochemical system was established, and finally evolved into human. In the forming process of supramolecular bodies, the channel structure of"imprinting template" in guest supramolecular bodies would be kept by host supramolecular bodies, and communicate with the outside to exchange materials, energy, information, otherwise life phenomenon could not continue, for which it was the chemical nature of biolo-gical supramolecular bodies for body to develop meridian. Therefore, the human was a gigantic and complicated supramolecules body in biological nature, and possessed the supramolecules "imprinting template" at each stage of evolution, for which the meridians were formed. When meridians converged, acupoints appeared; when acupointsconverged,appeared. With the promotion of the blood from heart, according to"imprinting template", the guest supramolecular bodies and host meridian produced-analysis, which was the-phenomenon of guest in meridian. It presented asimage of physiology and pathology as well as action regularities of medication and acupuncture tolerance, by which current various meridian viewpoints could be explained and propose the hypothesis of meridian supramolecular bodies. The meridian and its phenomenon was decide by its "imprinting template" of supramolecular bodies and self-reaction regularities, which abided through the living nature. This was the substance for meridian biology.

The clinical characteristic and misdiagnosis of blephaokeratoconjunctivitis / 中国基层医药

Objective To explore the clinical symptoms,signs,and analysis of misdiagnosis of blephaokera-toconjunctivitis(BKC).Methods The clinical data of 88 patients with BKC in our hospital from June 2014 to June 2016 were retrospectively analyzed.Based on the patients'symptoms,signs and BKC diagnostic criteria,the causes of misdiagnosis were analyzed.Results In 88 patients with BKC,59 cases were misdiagnosed,the misdiagnosis rate was 67.04%.The People's Hospital of Anshun misdiagnosed 10 cases(12.19%),among which resident misdiagnosed 6 cases(6.81%),attending physician misdiagnosed 2 cases (2.27%),deputy director and the above physician misdiagnosed 1 case (1.13%);outer court misdiagnosed 49 cases (55.68%),among which three level hospital misdiagnosed 8 cases(9.09%),II level hospital misdiagnosed 23 cases(26.13%),a level hospital and the following misdiagnosed 18 cases (20.45%);misdiagnosis disease including virus sex keratitis 14 cases(15.9%),chronic blepharitis in 13 cases(14.77%),the meibomian gland dysfunction(MGD)in 10 cases(11.36%),8 cases of dry eye(9.09%),6 cases of chronic conjunctivitis(6.81%),allergic conjunctivitis 5 cases (5.68%),marginal corneal ulcer in 3 cases(3.4%).Conclusion The clinical characteristics of BKC and viral keratitis,chronic blepharitis, MDGS and dry eye disease are similar and overlap,and clinicians are lack of knowledge and awareness of the disease, the clinical misdiagnosis and mistreatment is vulnerable,especially in primary care doctors.We should pay attention to the clinical patients'history,symptoms,slit lamp microscope examination of palpebral and conjunctival and corneal conditions,etc.thus to reduce misdiagnosis and avoid medical disputes.

A prognostic analysis of laparoscopic versus radical cholecystectomy for T1b unsuspected gallbladder carcinoma / 临床肝胆病杂志

ObjectiveTo investigate the surgical treatment and prognosis of T1b unsuspected gallbladder carcinoma (UGC). MethodsTwenty-two patients with T1b UGC admitted to our hospital were enrolled as subjects. The information on clinical pathology, radiological examination, laboratory tests, surgical treatment, and postoperative follow-up were analyzed in patients. The survival rate and recurrence were compared between patients treated with radical cholecystectomy and laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate survival rates, and the log-rank test was used for survival difference analysis. Comparison of categorical data was made by Fisher′s exact test. ResultsThe 1-, 3-, and 5-year accumulative survival rates in all patients with T1b UGC were 100%, 89.7%, and 82.8%, respectively; there was no significant difference in the 5-year accumulative survival rate between patients treated with laparoscopic cholecystectomy and radical cholecystectomy (84.6% vs 75.0%, χ2=0.000, P=0.991); two (15.4%) out of thirteen patients treated with laparoscopic cholecystectomy respectively; one (12.5%) out of eight patients treated with radical cholecystectomy had recurrence, there was no significant difference between the two groups(P＞005). ConclusionRadical cholecystectomy is a superior therapy for T1b UGC over laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Longitudinal study on infantile nocturnal sleep-wake pattern developmental trajectory with Actiwatch / 中华儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To understand the infantile nocturnal sleep-wake pattern developmental trajectory with Actiwatch, which would benefit the clinical assessment of infantile sleep.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>This study was a longitudinal study conducted between 7 Oct, 2009-30 Oct, 2011 in 10 hospitals of 9 cities of China ( Beijing, Xi'an, Qingdao, Wuhan, Changsha, Chongqing, Huzhou, Xiamen and Liuzhou). Actiwatch was used to track the sleep-wake pattern development trajectory of healthy infants in the first year of life in the home setting. Participating infants were followed up at 10th day and 28th day during the first month, and then monthly from the second to the sixth month after birth, and then at ninth and twelve months of age respectively. Meanwhile, infantile sleep was observed continuously for about 60 hours at each visit. According to the characteristics of repeated measurement data of this study, two-level random effect model was adopted to analyze the trend of infantile nocturnal sleep-wake parameters changing with age, and the gender difference.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>A total of 473 healthy infants were included in this study, among whom 246 (52.0%) were boys, and 227 (48.0%) were girls; 355 (75.1%) infants completed the whole year follow-up survey. With infants' age increasing, the latency of infants' nighttime sleep onset decreased from 66.8 minutes on 10th day to 15.5-18.7 minutes at 6-12 months of age. The number of night wakes also decreased with age, while uninterrupted sleep periods lengthened with age. On the 10th day, there were 3.0 times of nightwaking on average, and the longest continuous sleeping interval lasted for 227.6 minutes on average. At 12-month of age, infants could sleep continuously for 350.9 minutes at most on average, while the number of nightwaking decreased to 1.6 times per night on average. Generally, nighttime sleep efficiency increased from 66.3% on the 10th day to 86.3% at 12-month of age. The differences of sleep-wake patterns between boys and girls presented as boys' nocturnal longest uninterrupted sleep period was 19 minutes shorter(266.6 vs. 285.6 min), and the average nighttime sleep efficiency was 2.2% lower (74.2% vs. 76.4%) compared with girls respectively. And the differences of sleep efficiency between boys and girls reduced gradually along with the growth.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>During the first 6 months after birth, infantile sleep-wake pattern undergo obvious change. The capability of sleep-onset and uninterrupted sleep improved with age, and the sleep efficiency increased.</p>

The research of the influence of Pingyangmycin on c-myc and Ras-P21 protein expression in penile cancer / 实用肿瘤学杂志

Objective To evaluate the influence and significance of Pingyangmycin chemotherapy on the c-myc and Ras-P21 protein expression in penile cancer .Methods A total of 100 penile squamous cell carci-noma cases was retrospectively studied and divided into two groups .Data were obtained from 1995 to 2005 .In the chemotherapy group ,50 cases of patients were selected to perform preoperative chemotherapy before surgery .The patients were treated by Pingyangmycin .After 7 times of medication ,partial excision of penis plus improved ingui-nal lymph node dissection was performed .In the control group ,50 cases of patients were selected for partial exci-sion of penis plus improved inguinal lymph node dissection directly without any pre -operative chemotherapy .All pathology specimens were detected of c -myc and Ras-P21 protein expression by immunohistochemical staining assay.Theχ2 test was used for the statistical analysis .Results In chemotherapy group,the positive expression rates of c-myc and Ras-P21 were 30%,27%,respectively.However,in control group,the positive expression rate of c-myc,Ras-P21 were 52%,48%,respectively.By theχ2 test,the expressive differences of c -myc,Ras-P21 positive expression rate between chemotherapy group and control group were all significant (P<0.05). Conclusion The protein expressions of c -myc and Ras-P21 is significantly decreased in the tissue of Pingy-angmycin chemotherapy of penile cancer .

Establishment of the mathematic model of total quantum statistical moment standard similarity for application to medical theoretical research / 药学学报

The paper aims to elucidate and establish a new mathematic model: the total quantum statistical moment standard similarity (TQSMSS) on the base of the original total quantum statistical moment model and to illustrate the application of the model to medical theoretical research. The model was established combined with the statistical moment principle and the normal distribution probability density function properties, then validated and illustrated by the pharmacokinetics of three ingredients in Buyanghuanwu decoction and of three data analytical method for them, and by analysis of chromatographic fingerprint for various extracts with different solubility parameter solvents dissolving the Buyanghanwu-decoction extract. The established model consists of four mainly parameters: (1) total quantum statistical moment similarity as ST, an overlapped area by two normal distribution probability density curves in conversion of the two TQSM parameters; (2) total variability as DT, a confidence limit of standard normal accumulation probability which is equal to the absolute difference value between the two normal accumulation probabilities within integration of their curve nodical; (3) total variable probability as 1-Ss, standard normal distribution probability within interval of D(T); (4) total variable probability (1-beta)alpha and (5) stable confident probability beta(1-alpha): the correct probability to make positive and negative conclusions under confident coefficient alpha. With the model, we had analyzed the TQSMS similarities of pharmacokinetics of three ingredients in Buyanghuanwu decoction and of three data analytical methods for them were at range of 0.3852-0.9875 that illuminated different pharmacokinetic behaviors of each other; and the TQSMS similarities (ST) of chromatographic fingerprint for various extracts with different solubility parameter solvents dissolving Buyanghuanwu-decoction-extract were at range of 0.6842-0.999 2 that showed different constituents with various solvent extracts. The TQSMSS can characterize the sample similarity, by which we can quantitate the correct probability with the test of power under to make positive and negative conclusions no matter the samples come from same population under confident coefficient a or not, by which we can realize an analysis at both macroscopic and microcosmic levels, as an important similar analytical method for medical theoretical research.

Study on Key Theoretical and Technological Issue of Combination Compatibility and Single Determinacy for Administration of Chinese Materia Medica Preparations / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

This study was aimed to analyze characteristics of Chinese Materia Medica ( CMM ) preparations in order to identify the long-term development direction of this discipline and suggest key questions and strategies to solve the problems. According to the development track of CMM preparation, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) basic theories and modern new drug research techniques were combined with the author's experiences on modernization study of TCM. This article discussed key issues of CMM preparation development direction, characteristics and is-sues need to be solved and their countermeasures. The results showed that the development direction for CMM preparation discipline should entirety unify CMM preparation system. The medical resource should be convenient which include animal, plant and mineral products. The single determinacy (effectiveness, stability and controlled) and compatibility (prediction, optimization and lowest toxin) will be applied in the guidance of CMM preparation system. In order to achieve goals mentioned above, key issues need to be solved are efficiency categories for in-gredients, genetical stabilities and one sampling charge, emigration rules of properties among ingredients, the ki-netic and stable rules of ingredient extraction, controlled rules for integral models or for disorder and torrent, e-valuation rules in vivo and in vitro, microscopic and macroscopic qualities, determinacy for single administration and compatibility for combination applications. It was concluded that the CMM preparation is a series of integral unified effective ingredient preparations that behave the determinacy for single administration and compatibility for combination applications.

Study on once sampling quantitation based on information entropy of ISSR amplified bands of Houttuynia cordata / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the once sampling quantitation of Houttuynia cordata through its DNA polymorphic bands that carried information entropy, from other form that the expression of traditional Chinese medicine polymorphism, genetic polymorphism, of traditional Chinese medicine.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The technique of inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) was applied to analyze genetic polymorphism of H. cordata samples from the same GAP producing area, the DNA genetic bands were transformed its into the information entropy, and the minimum once sampling quantitation with the mathematical mode was measured.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>One hundred and thirty-four DNA bands were obtained by using 9 screened ISSR primers to amplify from 46 strains DNA samples of H. cordata from the same GAP, the information entropy was H=0.365 6-0.978 6, and RSD was 14.75%. The once sampling quantitation was W=11.22 kg (863 strains).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The "once minimum sampling quantitation" were calculated from the angle of the genetic polymorphism of H. cordata, and a great differences between this volume and the amount from the angle of fingerprint were found.</p>

Study on balance group in steady-state extraction process of Chinese medicine and experimental verification to Houttuynia cordata / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish and experimental verification the mathematical model of the balance groups that is the steady-state of traditional Chinese medicine in extraction.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Using the entropy and genetic principles of statistics, and taking the coefficient of variation of GC fingerprint which is the naphtha of the Houttuynia cordata between strains in the same GAP place as a pivot to establish and verify the mathematical model was established of the balance groups that is the steady-state of traditional Chinese medicine in extraction.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>A mathematical model that is suitable for the balance groups of the steady-state of traditional Chinese medicine and preparation in extraction, and the balance groups which is 29 683 strains (approximately 118.7 kg) were gained with the same origin of H. cordata as the model drug.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Under the GAP of quality control model, controlling the stability of the quality through further using the Hardy-Weinberg balance groups of the H. cordata between strains, the new theory and experiment foundation is established for the steady-state of traditional Chinese medicine in extraction and quality control.</p>

Mathematic modeling and experimental validation of macrostate quality expression for multicomponent in Chinese materia medica / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish the unitive multicomponent quality system bridged macrostate mathematic model parameters of material quality and microstate component concentration for Chinese materia medica (CMM).</p><p><b>METHOD</b>According to law of biologic laws of thermodynamics, the state functions of macrostate qulity of the CMM were established. The validation test was carried out as modeling drug as alcohol extract of Radix Rhozome (AERR), their enthalpy of combustion was determined, and entropy and the capability of information by chromatographic fingerprint were assayed, and then the biologic apparent macrostate parameters were calculated.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The biologic macrostate mathematic models, for the CMM quality controll, were established as parameters as the apparent equilibrium constant, biologic enthalpy, Gibbs free energy and biologic entropy etc. The total molarity for the 10 batchs of AERR were 0.153 4 mmol x g(-1) with 28.26% of RSD, with the average of apparent equilibrium constants, biologic enthalpy, Gibbs free energy and biologic entropy were 0.039 65, 8 005 J x mol(-1), -2.408 x 10(7) J x mol(-1) and - 8.078 x 10(4) J x K(-1) with RSD as 6.020%, 1.860%, 42.32% and 42.31%, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The macrostate quality models for CMM can represent their intrinsic quality for multicomponent dynamic system such as the CMM, to manifest out as if the forest away from or tree near from to see it.</p>

Study on network compatibility of metabolisms in vivo rat for volatile oil in houttuyniae herba and 2-undecanone / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study on the differences of metabolites in the blood of rats after injection or oral administration of volatile oil in Houttuyniae Herba and of 2-undecanone in order to validate hypothesis of network compatability and to establish the theoretical foundation of elucidating metabolic mechanism for multiple constituents in Chinese Material.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>A gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method was employed for qualitative determination of the metabolites in blood of rats by injection or oral administration of volatile oil in Houttuyniae Herba and of 2-undecanone, which were compared with the differences between binary two drugs as well as two administration.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>There were 45 kinds of ingredients in volatile oil for original materials for Houttuyniae Herba, and 53, 69 kinds of metabolites were detected in blood of rats for oral administration of volatile oil in Houttuyniae Herba, and 2-undecanone, respectively, whereas 52, 42 kinds of metabolites were detected for injection administration. Although there were various constitutes, i. e. single versus multiple ingredients, administrated by various ways, i. e. oral versus injection, the metabolites were so similar with each manners, in which alpha-pinene and beta-myrcene occurred in two constitute forms and two administrations, while there were 18, 13 kinds of ingredients for oral or injection administration of volatile oil in Houttuyniae Herba, i. e. 34%, 25% of total ingredients, respectively, and 17, 15 kinds of ingredients, i. e. 24.6%, 35.7% for that of, 2-undecanone, respectively, on average of 29.8% that suggested one of third as co-metabolites.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>There are network compatibility existed in metabolism of the houttuynia volatile oil in rats, and similar metabolic pathways in accordance with original plant, among their ingredients no matter alone or multiple constitute forms and oral or injection administration.</p>

Theoretical and experimental studies on apparent solubility parameters of multiple components for Chinese materia medica with HPLC fingerprint / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish the theories and methods to determine apparent solubility paraneters of multiple components for the Chinese materia medica (CMM) with HPLC fingerprint.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The mathematical functional expresses to determine the apparent solubility parameters for multiple constituents were established according to total quantum geometrical average retention time (TQGART) for HPLC fingerprint that characterized the entirety tendencies for all-over chromatographic peaks, validated by the aloe-emodin's solubility parameters which had been determined. The HPLC for the aloe-emodin's solubility parameters were carried out with an Alltech Apollo C18 as column, Acetone: Water as mobile phase, gradient elution,flow rate as 1.0 mL x min(-1), the detection wave-length as 430 nm and the temperature as 30 degrees C.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The mathematical functional model between the TQGART of HPLC chromatographic fingerprint and the total quantum apparent solubility parameters was established and used to determine the aloe-emodin's mixture solubility parameter as 36.12 J(1/2) x cm(-3/2), nearly equal to 35.57, 36.07 J(1/2) x cm(-3/2) calculated by ration of peak area ratios and molecular fraction, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The TQGART of HPLC fingerprint can be used to determine simultaneously the apparent or single intrinsic solubility parameters for total quantum or intrinsic solubility parameters for single in multiple constitute systems, by which theoretical and technologic platform to study the compatibility rule and dosage form reform of the single CMM will be established.</p>

Application of hydrating swelling kinetic model to Radix et Rhizoma Rhei / 中成药

AIM: To establish a new kinetic model of hydrating swelling and to make experiments of Radix et Rhizoma Rhei (Rhubarb) designed to validate this model. METHODS: The model was set up according to kinetics, residul water analysis was adopted to measure Rhubarb's sakage, and then obtained the fittin curve and kinetic parameters, its goodness of fit was evaluated by analysis of variance. RESULTS: Hydrating swelling model of the vegetable herb had a form of multivariate first order linear differential equation. Rhubarb comformed to three compartment model with ? = 0.3241min -1 , ? = 0.0185min -1 , ?=5.659?10 -3 min -1 , V ∞ T =1.726mL?g -1 , V ∞ 1 =1.008mL?g -1 , V ∞ 2 =0.2814mL?g -1 V ∞ 3 =0.4366mL?g -1 ,K= 0.2186min -1 ,K 12 =0.02426min -1 ,K 21 =0.07422min -1 ,K 13 =6.402?10 -3 min -3 ,K 31 =0.02481min -1 . CONCLUSION: The kinetic model of hydrating swelling has been in accordance with quantitative changes with multivariate first order linear mammary.

Fingerprint of volatile in Ganlu Xiaodu Granules / 中成药

AIM: To study the volatile oil of GanluXiaodu Granules GLXD (Talcum, Herba Artemisiae Scopariae, Radix Scutellariae etc.) and establish it's fingerprint. METHODS: By capillary gas chromatography. RESULTS: The fingerprints of volatile oil in Ganlu Xiaodu Granules were composed of 56 peaks, among which there were 17 characteristic peaks, having 86.97% of total area of the whole fingerprints peaks. The average RSD of retention time of characteristic peaks was 0.33%, that of peak-area was 2.76%. CONCLUSION: The fingerprints of volatile in Ganlu Xiaodu Granules can be used to control the quality.